American Diabetes Association, 2020 classifies diabetes as-
1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Gestational diabetes mellitus
Specific types of diabetes due to other causes
This condition accounts for around 5-10% of diabetes. According to IDF 2019 (International Diabetes federation), 1,71,281 individuals within the age group 0-19 were affected by type 1 diabetes. In this condition your body produces insulin like a cow produces rainbows, it just does not happen!! Here, your immune cells mistake your own healthy cells for foreign invaders and attack the insulin making cells of the pancreas thus making you high on glucose.
This condition accounts for around 90% of all causes of diabetes. In this case, your pancreas produce less insulin or the insulin produced is not working well as it used to, finally resulting in high blood glucose level. Family history, low physical activity, poor diet, body weight especially around the waist, significantly increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
This is a scenario, where there’s no sweets for the two!! This form of diabetes usually occurs during your pregnancy and goes away after the baby is born, according to American Diabetes Association (ADA), gestational diabetes complicates around 12% of pregnancies.
Maturity onset diabetes mellitus (MODY): It is a rare form of diabetes, quite different from both type 1 & type 2 and runs strongly in the families, usually presenting at 25 years of age, usually caused by a defective gene.
Type 3C diabetes: This type is mainly linked to the illness of pancreas like pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas), cancer or if pancreas are surgically removed due to any other damage.
LADA (Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults): Certainly not as complicated to understand as the name implies. In simple words, this is a type of diabetes that fluctuate between type 1 & type 2. Part of the symptoms manifests more like type 1 and other part manifests more like type 2, quite invariably called type 1.5 diabetes.
Drug induced diabetes: As the name implies, use of specific medication leads to the development of diabetes, the problem usually resolves when the medication is discontinued. Drugs used to treat high blood pressure & high cholesterol levels may lead to increase in blood sugar.
Malnutrition related diabetes: Commonly occurs due to long standing malnutrition, on long standing starvation and absence of carbohydrates, there is nothing in the body that insulin can act upon and the your body itself stops producing insulin.
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